Nonce and Gas Lifecycle

Sending-side reliability: sequence a nonce, price gas, broadcast, and replace a stuck transaction

Nonce and Gas Lifecycle Sending-side reliability: sequence a nonce, price gas, broadcast, and replace a stuck transaction 01 / Broadcast lifecycle 02 / Stuck recovery 03 / Terminal Queued · send queue · Broadcast lifecycle · entry 01 Queued send queue entry Nonce Assigned · sequence slot · Broadcast lifecycle · sequence 02 Nonce Assigned sequence slot sequence Gas Priced · fee estimate · Broadcast lifecycle · fees 03 Gas Priced fee estimate fees Pending · in mempool · Broadcast lifecycle · broadcast 04 Pending in mempool broadcast Mined · confirmed · Broadcast lifecycle · final 05 Mined confirmed final Stuck · underpriced / gap · Stuck recovery · retryable Stuck underpriced / gap retryable Replace · RBF / fee bump · Stuck recovery · resend Replace RBF / fee bump resend Dropped · evicted · Terminal · terminal Dropped evicted terminal Legend active state waiting terminal success failure / exit

Broadcast Path

  • • One nonce per sender, assigned in strict sequence
  • • Gas is priced before broadcast, not guessed after
  • • Pending is non-terminal until a block includes it

Stuck Recovery

  • • A stuck transaction is replaced at the same nonce
  • • Replacement (RBF) must clear the fee-bump threshold
  • • Recovery re-enters Pending, never a fresh nonce

Terminal

  • • Eviction from the mempool is a terminal Dropped state
  • • A dropped nonce must be reused to avoid a sequence gap

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