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1046 posts · Page 66 of 88. ← Blog

Pratik Dhanave · ·8 min read

Video and Beyond

Video is where multimodal AI gets genuinely hard. It's not just images — it's images over time, plus audio, at a scale that dwarfs a single picture. The temporal dimension adds motion, causality, and continuity that a still frame can't capture, and the sheer data volume strains everything. Video is also the frontier where the most impressive recent generation results have appeared, and where multimodal AI is actively pushing forward. Understanding video — and the other modalities beyond the core ones — shows where the field is heading.

Video is where multimodal AI gets genuinely hard. It's not just images — it's images over time, plus audio, at a scale that dwarfs a single picture. The temporal dimension adds motion, causality, and continuity a still frame can't capture, and it's the frontier where the most impressive recent generation results have appeared.

Pratik Dhanave · ·6 min read

Building a Deterministic Interchange Fee Engine

Turn card transaction attributes into interchange, scheme, and markup lines that reconcile to the cent.

Teaches how to build a deterministic fee engine that classifies each transaction into an interchange category (regulated debit, rewards, CPS qualification) and computes interchange + scheme + acquirer markup for merchant statements.

Pratik Dhanave · ·6 min read

Designing a Netting Engine That Collapses Gross Obligations Into Minimal Settlement

How to turn thousands of gross obligations into the fewest net positions per counterparty — with deterministic cutoff snapshots, netting cycles, and net-debit-cap enforcement.

Teaches how to build a netting engine that collapses many gross obligations into minimal net settlement positions per counterparty, handling netting cycles, cutoff snapshots, and net-debit-cap enforcement.

Pratik Dhanave · ·6 min read

Modeling Card Chargebacks as a State Machine

Modeling the full card dispute lifecycle with reason codes, evidence deadlines, representment, arbitration, and provisional-credit ledger entries at every transition.

Teaches how to model the full card dispute lifecycle as a state machine with reason codes, evidence deadlines, representment, pre-arbitration and arbitration, and provisional-credit ledger entries at each transition.

Pratik Dhanave · ·2 min read

06 · Mixed Workflow — Agents *and* Executors in One Graph

This lesson teaches how deterministic function executors and agent-backed executors compose in one graph with the same `AddEdge` wiring.

One workflow that mixes deterministic executors with two Foundry agent nodes for jailbreak detection and response, joined by the same AddEdge wiring and TurnToken triggering.

Pratik Dhanave · ·8 min read

Audio and Speech

Sound is the modality that makes AI conversational — the difference between typing to a machine and talking to it. And the same architectural ideas that transformed text and vision transformed audio too: treat the waveform as a sequence, train at scale, and one model can transcribe speech across languages, or synthesize a natural-sounding voice from text. Understanding how AI handles audio — recognition, synthesis, and understanding — completes the picture of the core modalities and shows how general the multimodal recipe has become.

Sound is the modality that makes AI conversational — the difference between typing to a machine and talking to it. The same architectural ideas that transformed text and vision transformed audio too: treat the waveform as a sequence, train at scale, and one model can transcribe speech across languages, or synthesize a natural voice from text.